The effect of nurse-led education on reducing hepatitis B transmission among at-risk populations in Kaduna State
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Background of the Study: Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver, leading to chronic disease, liver failure, and increased risk of liver cancer. It is a major global health issue, with an estimated 296 million people living with the infection worldwide (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023). In Nigeria, the prevalence of hepatitis B is particularly high, with significant numbers of people unaware of their status or risk (Adebayo et al., 2023). Certain populations, including healthcare workers, people with multiple sexual partners, people who inject drugs, and infants born to infected mothers, are at heightened risk for hepatitis B transmission (Abubakar & Lawal, 2023).
Nurse-led education programs have proven to be effective in promoting awareness and preventative behaviors for various infectious diseases, including hepatitis B (Okeke et al., 2024). These programs typically focus on increasing knowledge about the transmission, prevention, and treatment of hepatitis B, as well as encouraging safe practices such as vaccination, safe sex practices, and proper sterilization procedures in healthcare settings (Oluwaseun et al., 2023). In Kaduna State, with its diverse population and varying levels of healthcare access, nurse-led educational interventions may play a key role in reducing hepatitis B transmission, particularly among vulnerable groups.
This study seeks to assess the impact of nurse-led education programs on reducing hepatitis B transmission among at-risk populations in Kaduna State, focusing on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of participants before and after education.
Statement of the Problem: Despite the availability of a vaccine and established prevention methods, hepatitis B remains a significant public health challenge in Kaduna State, particularly among high-risk populations. Limited public awareness, misconceptions, and insufficient education contribute to the continued transmission of the virus. Nurse-led education programs may be pivotal in mitigating these issues by empowering individuals with knowledge and practical prevention strategies. This study seeks to evaluate the effect of such programs on reducing hepatitis B transmission in the state.
Objectives of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led education on improving knowledge about hepatitis B among at-risk populations in Kaduna State.
- To assess the impact of nurse-led education on the transmission rates of hepatitis B in at-risk populations.
- To identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nurse-led education programs in reducing hepatitis B transmission in Kaduna State.
Research Questions:
- How effective is nurse-led education in improving knowledge about hepatitis B transmission and prevention among at-risk populations in Kaduna State?
- What impact does nurse-led education have on hepatitis B transmission rates in at-risk populations in Kaduna State?
- What are the challenges faced in implementing nurse-led education programs for reducing hepatitis B transmission in Kaduna State?
Research Hypotheses:
- Nurse-led education significantly improves knowledge about hepatitis B and prevention methods among at-risk populations in Kaduna State.
- Nurse-led education reduces the rate of hepatitis B transmission among at-risk populations.
- Socioeconomic factors and access to healthcare significantly influence the success of nurse-led education programs in reducing hepatitis B transmission in Kaduna State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study: This study will focus on at-risk populations in Kaduna State, with data collected through pre- and post-education surveys, interviews, and hepatitis B screening. Limitations include the potential for recall bias in self-reported behaviors and the challenge of ensuring that all participants have access to follow-up care and testing.
Definitions of Terms:
- Nurse-led education: Health education programs developed and delivered by nurses to improve public awareness and promote behavior change.
- Hepatitis B transmission: The spread of the hepatitis B virus from one person to another, primarily through blood and bodily fluids.
- At-risk populations: Groups more likely to contract hepatitis B due to behaviors or conditions, such as healthcare workers, individuals with multiple sexual partners, or drug users.
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